فصلنامه علوم پیراپزشکی و توانبخشی
سال نهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1399)

Most of professional athletes are looking for high-level of anaerobic power. In recent years, many measures have been taken on various ways to improve anaerobic power through training. Among several methods, the blood flow restriction (BFR) or Katsu is used to improve performance, moreover electromyography is a useful tool for studying the electrical activity of the muscles as well as the kinetic of motion. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of one session of severe periodic activity with and without BFR on the electrical activity of selected muscle in the active females.

Ten female students were recruited from University population with age 22.15±0.81 years and BMI 20.08±2.56 kg/m2. The electrical activity of biceps and triceps arm muscles during 4 sets 30 seconds with 5 minutes rest between each set was measured during one session of high intensity interval exercise with hand Wingate test under conditions without and with blood flow restriction. Beside the electrical activity, some anaerobic power parameters such as average and maximum anaerobic power were also measured under both conditions.

The electrical activity of the biceps muscle was significantly increased under conditions with BFR (p < 0.05), but no significant increase was observed in the electrical activity of the triceps superior muscle under conditions with BFR (p>0.05). Among mean anaerobic power and maximum anaerobic power, blood flow restriction only the mean of maximum anaerobic power significantly increased (p < 0.05).

The results showed that the electrical activity of the biceps arm muscle as well as the maximum anaerobic power significantly increased during blood flow restriction. Circulation restriction blood flow seems to be an effective factor in increasing the maximum anaerobic power and electrical activity biceps arm muscle.

Stuttering is one of the most common speech disorders. A large number of studies have been claimed the relationship between the various dimensions of executive functions and childhood onset fluency disorder. Additionally, its relationship with the sustained attention, response control, working memory have been measured. 

Using available sampling, 20 children between 7 to 12 years of ages with childhood onset fluency disorder were selected based on the criteria of the research, and tested by (N BACK). In order to measure working memory and continuous performance, test was used to assess sustained attention, and go no go test, to evaluate response control. Also, children with childhood onset fluency disorder were assessed by SS% test for assessing the stuttering severity. They were then randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group exposed to 15 sessions with 45 length of cognitive-rehabilitation. Then, the post-test was taken from both groups. The experimental group was followed up to 3 months later and tests were performed again.

The results of covariance analysis and dependent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between sustained attention (p=0.022), working memory (p=0.035) and response control(P=0.039) and stuttering severity (P=0.013) in pretest and posttest in children in childhood onset fluency disorder. Semi difference is observed in executive functions (P=0.056) in the pre-test and post-test. Also, the results of bonfrroni post hoc test for assessing the sustainability of treatment over a 3 month period showed that our treatment method was effective on sustained attention, working memory and executive functions, and its effect was constant during follow-up period. But cognitive rehabilitation has been effective on response control but its effect has not been stable over time.

It can be concluded from the research findings that cognitive rehabilitation method is effective on stuttering severity and increases executive functions in children with childhood onset fluency disorder and can be used as a treatment method.

Visualization of the science has a significant role in discovering the latent patterns of scientific fields, especially in interdisciplinary and new fields. This study aimed to identify major research approaches to health information technology (HIT) worldwide with the purpose of scientific mapping of new developments in health information technology based on WoS articles and helping the research and educational activities related to future studies.

Scientometrics was used in this descriptive study. For this purpose, worldwide HIT references were extracted from the WoS database between 2010 and 2017 (5301 articles). Then, articles were analyzed in HistCite 12.03.17.

Based on the extracted articles, six primary clusters of HIT were identified. The primary category concerned the cost-benefit of information systems, especially the Electronic Health Record (EHR). Secondary clusters included the following areas: acceptance and failure of information systems and implementation issues; HIT challenges in security and confidentiality along with the impacts on medical ethics; the role of HIT in improving the quality of health services; the interoperability of EHR and the future usability of HIT area such as Telemedicine & Telehealth.

Cost and benefit of information systems were the main area of research in the field of health information technology based on WoS articles. This issue has been closely related to the success and failure of information systems and attention to the usability of health information systems.

Pronation distortion syndrome is one of the most common abnormalities in the body that causes distortions in the structures parts of the lumbar-pelvic and lower limb. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of corrective exercises with a new approach on the isometric strength of the lower body muscles in people with pronation distortion syndrome.

In this semi experimental research, 30 volunteers who had pronation distortion syndrome were selected and randomly divided into two groups of control (Mean±standard deviation, age: 12.6±1.8 year, height: 166.4±9.6 cm, body mass: 68.6±9.9 kg, body mass index: 24.7±2.2 kg/m2) and experimental (Mean±standard deviation, age: 12.6±1.7 year, height: 165.3±6.6 cm, body weight: 67.1±5.7 kg, body mass index: 24.55±1.6 kg/m2). Experimental group, performed corrective exercises with a new approach for 12 weeks (3 sessions per week for one hour), but control group performed the routine and normal exercise. Before and after 12 weeks performing exercises, the isometric strength of the lower body muscles (digital dynamometer) were evaluated. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test at 5% error level was used (p < 0.05).

The experimental group after 12 weeks of corrective exercises with a new approach showed significant improvements in the isometric strength of the lower body muscles (p < 0.001), But in control group there was no significant difference (p>0.05). In addition, after the intervention, the isometric strength of the lower trunk muscles was significantly higher in the experimental group (p < 0.001), but this difference was not significant in the pre-test (p >0.05).

It seems that corrective exercises with a new approach improve isometric strength of the lower body muscles in people with pronation distortion syndrome, so it is recommended for these people.

Speech disfluency disorder is one of the most common speech disorders that may appear as normal or abnormal disfluency like stuttering. Child-teacher interaction is one procedure that may be helpful for school age children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of appropriate Child-teacher interaction on student's stuttering.

This research was a single subject study with AB design about impact of proper teacher's interaction on stuttering severity, stuttering attitude and communicative competence in classroom in a student who stutters by SS%, SSI4, CAT, and TASCC. After 6 therapeutic sessions of speech therapy, positive teacher intervention combined with speech therapy in 6 sessions. A follow-up session was also planned.

This study showed that after positive intervention of teacher with speech therapy, student's stuttering severity decreased from moderate to mild and the child's attitude toward stuttering shifted from negative to moderate. The results of the TASCC test also increased significantly during treatment. These results were maintained at the follow-up session.

The results of this study showed that application of helpful strategies for managing a classroom with the student who stutters are effective to reduce core behaviors, secondary behaviors and improve attitudes of student who stutters. More extensive studies are needed for more evidence.

Propose: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. So far, no study has examined their respiratory system changes. The purpose of this study was to compare the respiratory pattern indices of healthy individuals and individuals with generalized anxiety disorder.

  In the current cross-sectional study, 16 patients with clinical diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) with referral to a psychiatrist were compared with 16 matched healthy individuals. The information of the respiratory system was collected using a chronograph and spirometery. The Pulmonary function tests recorded were FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC end-tidal CO2 pressure and respiratory rate were measured using Capnograph. The Nijmegen questionnaire was used to quantify hyperventilation complaints.

The results of this study showed that anxiety patients had significantly lower levels of FEV1 and FEV1% in comparison with healthy subjects. Exhaled carbon dioxide and respiratory rate were significantly different between the two groups The Niggins questionnaire score was significantly higher in the group of anxiety patients than in the healthy subjects.

Respiratory pattern in people with generalized anxiety disorder was changed by respiratory volume, increased respiratory rate and decreased CO2. The current findings suggest that assessment of respiratory system in GAD patients can be effective in the early diagnosis and treatment process of breathing problems in physiotherapy centers.

Electrocochleography is an electrophysiological test used to diagnose Meniere's disease. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the viewpoints of the Iranian Academy of Audiology's (IAA) members about the clinical use of Electrocochleography in the diagnosis and treatment of Meniere's disease.

A 16-item survey was used to collect data. The survey was distributed to 600 members of the IAA through face-to-face interviews. A total of 267 people responded entirely to the survey.

In cases of suspected unilateral Meniere's disease, 71% of the participants in this study typically used Electrocochleography. Most respondents used click stimuli and canal electrodes to record the response. According to 32% of participants before any invasive therapeutic intervention, the Electrocochleography results must be abnormal. The majority (58%) believed that Electrocochleography results varied according to the disease status, but only 32% believed that returning Electrocochleography results to normal status indicates improvement in the disease. 7% of respondents reported that they would not perform the test because of the high variability of Electrocochleography results and their poor correlation with the disease symptoms.

  According to the present results, the majority of the audiologists participating in the present study use Electrocochleography test to diagnose and manage Meniere's disease and most of them believe that it is possible to use history taking along with the Electrocochleography test to help diagnose the disease. Also, according to the majority of participants, the lack of sufficient training courses can lead to limited clinical utility of the test.

It has been theorized that contralateral pelvic drop indicates weakness of the stance hip-abductor and external rotator musculature, results in impaired load transfer, which may contribute to lower extremity injuries. In spite of the relationship between hip weakness and pelvic tilt, unfortunately few studies have been investigated the effect of hip strengthening on pelvic position. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of hip abductor and external rotator strengthening on pelvic position in frontal plane during single-leg landing.  

Thirty-two males with knee valgus angle more than 8 degree were selected through non-probability inconvenient sampling and randomized into an experimental (n=16, age: 22.35 ± 1.82 year, height: 1.78 ± 0.07 meter, weight: 70.92 ± 11.6 kg) and control groups (n=16, age: 22.66 ± 1.79 year, height: 1.8 ± 0.05 meter, weight: 71.01 ± 11.61 kg). The experimental group carried out 8 weeks of bilateral hip abductor and external rotator strengthening 3 times per week (each session 45-60 minutes) and control group continue to daily activity as usual. Pre and post-tests hip strength were measured with isokinetic dynamometer (Kin-Com) and motion capture data were collected during 3 single-leg landing trials before and after training. Pelvic tilts were estimated using QTM and Visual 3D software. Data were analyzed via SPSS software applying the repeated measures ANOVA at a significant level of p < 0.05.

Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for concentric and eccentric hip abduction (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and external rotation (p < 0.02, p < 0.001) strength and upward pelvic tilt (p=0.047) and range of motion of pelvic drop (P=0/005), respectively. Post hoc testing revealed that concentric and eccentric hip abductor (p < 0.001, p=0.004) and external rotator (p=0.01, p < 0.001) strength increased and upward pelvic tilt (P=0.04) and range of motion of pelvic drop (p=0.008) respectively, decreased in the experimental group following the 8-week intervention but did not change in the control group (p> 0.05).

An eight week hip abductor and external rotator strengthening programs was effective in improvement concentric and eccentric hip abductor and external rotator strength and pelvic position in frontal plane.

Power orthoses, due to their characteristics, can greatly assist in the recovery and improvement of people with problems in hand function. The purpose of this study was to review the glove-like power hand orthoses that were designed to practice, assist and improve performance in patients with weak or paralyzed hands.

PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of sciences and IEEE databases were searched from 2000 to 2019. The keywords used to search were selected based on the PICO strategy. By using the introduced keywords, 605 articles were obtained. After the final evaluation, 12 articles were selected. Criteria for the study included: design and development of glove-like power orthoses, use of orthoses for treatment, rehabilitation and improvement of hand function, use for people with weakness or paralysis of the hand muscles due to central nervous system disorder.

The study showed that of the 12 introduced orthoses, 10 orthoses used electric motors to generate propulsion, and 2 orthoses benefited from the pneumatic system. Regarding force transmission systems, most of these orthoses use cable transmission systems. What makes these orthoses even more differentiated is the control system, which can be referred to as positional signals, electrical muscle signals, and software systems.

Studies have shown that there are many different orthoses in terms of power transmission systems, drive systems, and control systems, and each of these devices has different capabilities to assist patients. Although each of the introduced orthotic designs has advantages to meet the needs of their target community, they are not without limitations. Removing the limitations of these designs could play a role in enhancing the efficiency and better meeting the needs of those who use these devices.

Patellofemoral pain (PFPS) is considered as one of the most common reasons of knee pain with unknown cause and numerous biomechanical factors. Since patients report pain and functional constraints 5 to 8 years after treatment, therefore investigation of the lower limb kinematics during stair ambulation is necessary to determine compensatory mechanisms and the effectiveness of treatment interventions. The aim of the present review is to investigate the lower extremity kinematics during stair ambulation in people with PFPS.

The search articles from various databases Pubmed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Springer and articles about the years 2000 up to 2018 were extracted. To extract the articles, the following keywords have been used: PFPS, Hip adduction ، Rear foot eversion, Flexion knee. Finally, 1200 articles were found and after reviewing the abstract and titles of articles, 240 articles were selected for the next review. Then, considering the main subject of the present study and inclusion/ exclusion criteria, 10 articles were selected for final investigation.

The 10 extracted articles examined the kinematics of three sections: proximal, local, and distal during stair descent in PFPS patients.

According to the results of this study, changes in lower extremity kinematics during stairs ambulation will ultimately lead to an increase of reaction force and pressure in PFJ, which is one of main causes of development and pathology of PFPS Therefore, treatment interventions that comprehensively address changes in kinematics resulted in greater effectiveness in improving clinical symptoms for a long time.